Analysis Of The Film Phantom Of The Opera - 2656 Words

For my first video assignment, I chose to personally analyze the 2004 film, Phantom of the Opera. Andrew Lloyd Webber was the first to make the Phantom of the Opera into an actual musical, which was inspired from a french novel of the same name. In the 2004 adaptation, the story takes place in 1870 Paris, France. Here, a young woman in her twenties named Christine Daaà © (Emmy Rossum) becomes the main act at the fictional theatre Opà ©ra Populaire. Her childhood sweetheart of around the same age, Viscount Raoul de Chagny (Patrick Wilson), is very excited and pleased to learn, that after such a long time apart, Christine has become the star of at a famous opera house in France. However, they don’t know that Christine’s rise to fame is actually due to the cunning trickery of the Phantom (Gerard Butler), who is in love with her. Starting from the beginning, the Opà ©ra Populaire’s first appearance is set in 1919 Paris, France. Here, the opera house is actually ha ving a public auction to clear out the theatre’s vaults. The scene is depicted in a black and white video overlay, setting a dark and dreary mood. People are shown to attend the auction, with two of the several being Madame Giry (Miranda Richardson), a 50-year-old ballet mistress, and an older Viscount Raoul de Chagny, who is disabled in a wheelchair. Madame Giry appears to be watching Raoul as he receives his purchase of a monkey papier-mà ¢chà © music box. Raoul eyes it sadly and sings a woeful, short verse to the music box,Show MoreRelatedV for Vendetta Themes1676 Words   |  7 PagesFor example, the names Rookwood, Percy and Keyes are used in the film, which are also the names of three of the Gunpowder conspirators. The film creates parallels to Alexandre Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo, by drawing direct comparisons between V and Edmond Dantà ¨s. (In both stories, the hero escapes an unjust and traumatic imprisonment and spends decades preparing to take vengeance o n his oppressors under a new persona.) The film is also explicit in portraying V as the embodiment of an idea ratherRead MorePhantom Of The Opera Analysis1897 Words   |  8 PagesThe Phantom of the Opera is both a novel by Gaston Leroux ( Le Fantome de l’Opera, 1910) and was later adapted by Andrew Lloyd Webber (1986) in musical form. All information is from both the novel and musical/movie to further explain the main focus. The primary concept of this analysis will be centered on the Phantom’s denial from society, loss of hope, love, deceitfulness, carelessness and compassion. These components all combine to result the audience and/or reader to feel sorrow and sympathy forRead MoreNontraditional Casting944 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning there is hardly any equal opportunity in reality. While living in New York and writing presses for NY Times, Alan knows that multi-ethnic were casts in big musicals but there wasn’t any black performers in the Broadway producti ons of â€Å"Phantom of the Opera,† â€Å"Les Miserables,† or â€Å"Me and My Girl.† After eleven years on Broadway, Alan says a black woman still cannot get a chorus job because it’s some kind of â€Å"tradition.† When Broadway look for specific characters with a description, those rolesRead MoreThe Relative Power of Chinese Cinema Vis-a-Vis Hollywood: An Evaluation5706 Words   |  23 Pagesanswer whether Chinese Cinema can overcome Hollywood in the near future. The importance of doing this analysis is that a realistic appraisal of Chinese cinemas position in the global arena can help Chinese filmmakers set realistic and beneficial targets. The paper is intended to set the tone for a larger in-depth research required to understand this complex topic, and bases its conclusion on analysis and synthesis of the available secondary literature. The paper briefly recounts the history of ChineseRead MoreSpider M Turn Off The Dark3175 Words   |  13 Pagesproducing broadway theater: â€Å"Whether on Broadway or in a storefront used by an experimental company, practising theatre requires finances, budgets, and management† (Donahue and Patterson). Stage Money offers a thorough and, at times, thought-provoking analysis of the myriad structures for producing and funding theatre, reminding us that the process of page-to-stage is never solely an artistic endeavour and demonstrates how American theatre is as economically complex as any other industry. Producers areRead MorePsychology Ncert Book 1 Chapter Notes11190 Words   |  45 Pagesminimise such biases in their explanations of behaviour and experience in various ways. Some do so by seeking to make their analysis scientific and objective. Others seek to explain behaviour from the point of view of the experiencing persons because they think that subjectivity is a necessary aspect of human experience. In the Indian tradition, selfreflection and analysis of our conscious experiences, is held to be a major source of psychological understanding. Many western psychologists have alsoRead MoreThe Epithet in the Novel Jane Eyre18849 Words   |  76 Pagesaim. In our research we would like to concentrate our attention on â€Å"epithet†, a figure of speech which gives the opportunity to create the most expressive and vivid images. Despite the fact that there are many works devoted to the problem under analysis some important aspects such as structural - the lexical stylistic device the epithet as its component have not been fully investigated. This defines the actuality of the work and its theoretical value. The basic purpose of this course-paper is formulatedRead MoreAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words   |  121 Pageselectronic item (like a widescreen TV or home computer). What is the maximum amount of money you would feel confident borrowing in order to buy these items at this moment in time? Source: IRN Research/Key Note Want more detail? Order further customised analysis through IRN Research on keynote@irn-research.com. See Further Sources for more on this service. Consumer confidence weakened across the board in the summer months of 2005, as reflected in the decreasing desire to spend money either from savingsRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesConnections to a wider spectrum of professionals ( greater insight into issue at hand †¢ E.g. 2008 U.S. Presidential Elections (bloggers provide personal opinions about who was likely to win but New York Times invited experts to do a state-by-state analysis presenting results in a full-page spread, culminating in a detailed map showing states Democrats were likely to win) †¢ Anonymity: given free rein to publish any thought that comes to mind †¢ E.g. For every worthwhile video present on the site

The Lottery Short Story - 983 Words

Arrogance, good and bad, disastrous and calm are all ways to describe characters. Characters better help analyze a piece of literature. However, taking two different stories to give them a similar meaning is beneficial. In â€Å"The Lottery† the author uses setting to back up the old tradition as being a right thing to follow rather than questioning it, while â€Å"The Necklace† shows the struggle of fitting into society through the use of imagery and setting. To begin, â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story about how a society persecutes a person as a tradition every day. This work shows the effect of society on human nature. Although it may seem human nature is unchangeable, it is not true. Similarly, â€Å"The Necklace† is based on a lower-class woman, who is†¦show more content†¦As mentioned by Linkner, we should respect the past, but understand the morally right and wrong judgement in each of these traditions. Even though it may be followed for many years if it does not help an individual flourish, why use that method? According to the written story, the setting shows the foreshadowing of the events to follow. In the story, Bobby Martin â€Å"stuffed his pockets full of stones†, this shows us that those stones would later be used. Later, we figure out what the stones were used for. However, whenever a member of the society was about to be stoned no one spoke up against it, no one tried to say that is was the ir family member or friend. The old tradition deemed evil in the modern day, seemed harmless in the old days. Not much was said or done about the murders in the small village and not much could be done to save the individual stoned. The harmful nature of a hypnotizing culture should not be the reason for the death of an individual. Similarly, in â€Å"The Necklace† the author uses imagery and setting to show why Mathilde feels ashamed of her background, which essentially leads to the downfall of her youth. As Maupassant described her as a â€Å"pretty and charming [girl]† (Maupassant 1). This creates the notion that pretty girls are suppose to be born in a wealthy family. Also, the creation of a line is established with saying that the poor do not match up to the wealth or looks of the upper class. As the story continued, Mathilde wanted a new gown toShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery Short Story847 Words   |  4 Pagesdramatic. â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story written by Shirley Jackson, and it is a great example of a story that uses all three types. Parts of the story and the whole story itself use irony to confuse but entertain the reader. Situational irony is defined as something happening that was the opposite of what was expected. â€Å"The Lottery† uses situational irony for the entire plot of the story. In the beginning of the story, families are gathering in the town square to draw names for a lottery. The settingRead MoreThe Lottery Short Story Analysis1122 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery†, a short story by Shirley Jackson reflects humans deepest nature on tradition. Jackson uses routines as a way of illustrating the festival like qualities of the annual lottery. The setting of vibrant colors in the short story conveys a peaceful tone.The characters are portrayed as loving and caring. The ideas of a festival like a lottery, a homey setting and, the peoples actions all help develop the bigger idea. The people and tradition Shirley Jackson in her short story the â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Lottery Short Story Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lottery is a short story written by Shirley Jackson p ublished in the New Yorker in 1948. The setting takes place in a small town in America made up of about 300 residents on a beautiful sunny June day. The main characters in the lottery are Tess Hutchinson a housewife, Mr. Summers the town leader who officiates the lottery and Bill Hutchinson. Tessas husband. Some supporting characters are Miss Delacroix, Tessas friend Mr. Graves and Davey Hutchison, Tess and Bills young son. The plot of theRead MoreCriticism in the Short Story The Lottery1660 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Criticism in The Lottery This paper will examine the short story, The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson, with the aids of lenses such as cultural criticism and feminist criticism. The story was written and published just as the twentieth century reached its middle point. The setting of the story takes place in small town America. The success of the story comes from Jacksons applied knowledge of stereotypes of things such as America, small town America, families, and women. Jackson plays on culturalRead MoreThe Lottery Short Story Analysis962 Words   |  4 PagesDestructive Traditions Within The Lottery Shirley Jacksons The Lottery, raises many questions in the back of a readers mind towards the destructive yet blind rituals of mankind. The Lottery clearly expresses Jacksons feelings concerning mankinds evil nature hiding behind traditions and rituals. As her theme, she shows how coldness and lack of compassion in people can exhibit in situations regarding tradition and values. Jackson presents the theme of the short story with the use of symbols andRead MoreThe Lottery Short Story Analysis1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson begins with villagers gathering in the square, between the post office and the bank, to participate in the lottery which is not what it seems like because the story’s surprising ending reveals that Tessie Hutchinson, who draws the slip of paper with the black spot on it is stoned to death when the lottery ends. Shirley Jackson reveals through the use of irony, foreshadow, and symbolism in the story how much people can get caught up in maintainingRead MoreThe Lottery, And Kurt Vonnegut s Short Story1208 Words   |  5 PagesShirley Jackson s short story The Lottery and Kurt Vonnegut s short story Harrison Bergeron do share a similitude in subject, especially as far as scrutinizing the Status Quo, and the resilience of counterproductive social practices for compliance. Th ere is likewise a comparability in that both stories show two extremely homogeneous social orders that mean to keep up their solidarity through basic practices that lead more to bring about apprehension than to lead towards change. Moreover, duringRead MoreA Review of Shirley Jacksons Short Story The Lottery643 Words   |  3 PagesShirley Jacksons short story The Lottery offers a disturbing vision of small-town life, mob mentality, and social conformity. The author uses a number of literary techniques to capture the mood, tone, and theme of The Lottery. One of those techniques is foreshadowing. Foreshadowing in The Lottery helps build the suspense that makes the story so effective. The meaning of the titular lottery is not fully revealed until the end of the story. Jackson compels the reader to discover why the childrenRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Jacksons Short Story The Lottery to the Film 602 Words   |  3 Pagesmay have. In Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, a sacrifice of one’s life becomes the â€Å"jackpot† of an annual event held in a small town. This society’s traditions have caused the people to do away with their rational thoughts and the values of their lives as they have become so stuck in their own cultural beliefs. In the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Jackson’s use of symbols reveals a twisting plot that isn’t recognizable until nearly at the end of the story. Her use of third person pointRead MoreWinning is a Nightmare in Shirley Jacksons Short Story, The Lottery556 Words   |  3 Pagespeoples minds winning the lottery would be a dream come true. Its something that everyone wishes they would win; But what happens when the prize you get once you win the lottery isnt a blessing but instead a nightmare. In the short story, The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, it portrays a beautiful small village full of happy people in New England. By the use of symbolism and foreshadowing, Jackson uses the setting of the town, certain objects, and the characters in her story to indicate the true meaning

The Challenger Disaster

Question: Write an essay on The Challenger disaster. Answer: Introduction The Challenger disaster occurred on January 28th, 1986 when the American shuttle orbiter Challenger broke down 73 seconds after the takeoff. There were seven astronauts aboard the shuttle who all lost their lives in the incident. The mission was stated to be one of the landmarks in the history of NASA but it ended in such a disaster. The spacecraft was on its 10th mission and consisted of seven astronauts. The spacecraft was developed with the aim of creating a reusable spacecraft and as such, was develope3de in 1976. However, some technical malfunctioning in the crafts machinery was what caused the disaster. The main reason for the tragedy was located as the malfunctioning of the two O-rings that separated the craft. The O-rings had been frozen by the cold temperatures on the morning of the launch and as such, it could not carry out its function. This was seen as a managerial flaw that cost the lives of the seven astronauts on board the shuttle. The management was held responsible f or a simple routine inspection could have saved the lives of the astronauts. The management at NASA again created a controversy in 2003 when the spacecraft Columbia met with a disaster. The spacecraft was successful in its launch and also completed the mission but the spacecraft was destroyed in its return journey. The craft exploded as a result of friction with the Earths atmosphere. This prompted an investigation into NASAs work culture and it was found that the management was once again at fault for not monitoring all the processes before the takeoff as per the required standards. The Columbia Accident Investigation Board was behind the process of investigating all the reasons for the accident. It was found that there was a hole in the thermal protection tile that allowed superheated air to enter the craft and destroy it. This was a result of the negligence on the part of the management and as a result, the work and organizational culture came under fire. Comparison of the two disasters The Challenger disaster The Challenger mission was originally scheduled to be on the 22nd of January 1986 and included seven astronauts. The inclusion of Christa McAuliffe made it a special mission as she was about to become the first civilian in space. However, the spacecraft met with a disaster on its 10th mission and as such, created a lot of controversies for the management in charge of the operation (Bhatia, 2002). The O-ring problem was indeed a managerial mistake that resulted in such a disaster. The O-ring fault was a result of the management and engineering at Thiokol that was responsible for the manufacture of the Solid Rocket Motor (Schultz and Eberhardy, 2015). The Rogers commission, Media and the House of representatives covered the story conventionally but no one took into account the real reason behind the tragedy. The work culture at NASA was highly responsible for the accident as it was a normalization of deviance that created such loose measures for the inspections and other processes (Bri tton, 2005). There were also factors at work that created a scarcity of funds and competition resulting in lower quality of work. The production also resulted in getting institutionalized which contributed to the reasons for the disaster. NASA however, did not learn from the mistakes in this incident and continued such a work culture with deviant practices. The Columbia disaster The recurrence of a disaster like the Challenger was seen in 2003 when the reusable spacecraft Columbia met with a disaster on its return journey owing to similar managerial carelessness. The breach in the thermal protection shields was a reason for the spacecraft to meet with the accident on its entry into the Earths atmosphere (NASA's organizational and management challenges in the wake of the Columbia disaster, 2004). The reason for such an accident was again a loose managerial system that did not take into account the possible outcomes of such a careless step. The management at NASA did not consider the problems they had noticed prior to the launch of the craft as a possible reason for the accident (Cole and Cole, 2003). The main problem that lay, in this case, was the refusal of the management to work in order to remove a problem that they had noticed. The problem was noticed but not given much priority. The attitude toward such a high-risk sensitive project is one of the manage ment faults that cannot be overlooked. How the decision-making process contributed to the failure of both missions Failure of Challenger Mission The disaster of the Challenger mission was analyzed by the Rogers Commission that located the exact reason of the failure. The Rogers commission was a presidential body that identified that the reason for the accident was the failure of the O-ring that was set on the spacecraft. The function of the O-ring is to seal a critical joint in the solid rocket booster also abbreviated as SRB (Elish, 2007). The Rogers commission thus found that the management was responsible for its flawed decision-making process. The presidential commission identified the cause of the accident as a technical flaw of the O-ring that could not sustain owing to such a dynamic change of temperatures. However, the commission led by William Rogers held Thiokol, the company responsible for the manufacture of the rocket parts as the one responsible for the accident. The commission also held NASA responsible for the accident owing to its managerial system that took serious matters lightly (Engdahl, 2014). The preside ntial commission found out that the personnel at NASA violated a number of regulations that included both internal rules for safety as well as industry standards that ensured the safety of the astronauts. The personnel aimed more towards the achievement of organizational goals rather than creating a system that was designed for the safety of the astronauts and the related staff. The organizational misconduct was thus a big reason for the disaster that followed soon after. The challenger case exhibited a number of flaws traditionally associated with organizational misconduct (Zobel, 2010). Competitive pressure and scarcity of resources, the organizational characteristic that facilitates wrongdoing, and ineffectiveness of the regulatory mechanism were some of the cause of the failure of the mission. The scarcity of resources made the organization prioritize the organizational goals over human safety (Guthrie and Shayo, 2005). The managers, in this case, assessed the risks in a few key places and overlooked the others. The managers engaged in misconduct while competing for scarce resources. There was no systematic risk assessment procedure that could have avoided the disaster. The scarcity of resources and the competitive pressures forced the managers to go ahead with amoral calculations that resulted in the decision to launch. The middle management was also at fault as they had not informed their superiors about the teleconference with Thiokol regarding the problem with the O-ring (Stein, 2010). The work culture was also another factor at play resulting in the accident. The managers and engineers at NASA constantly made decisions with the presence of residual risks. One such residual risk was the defect in the O-ring that made the craft face the problem that resulted in the disaster. The work culture was thus one where the managers and the engineers worked with a constant presence of uncertainties (Haerens, 2012). There was also a concept of acceptable risk that contributed to the event. While the concept of an acceptable risk sounded problematic for the investigating bodies and others associated in the aftermath of the accident, it was a norm at NASA to begin missions with a certain amount of residual risk. The normalization of deviance was also responsible for the disaster that occurred. The managers and engineers did not take into account the strict regulations for the development of the O-ring that held the structure together. Also, accepting risks became a part of the work culture that the managers and engineers in NASA were accustomed to. The benchmarks for the acceptable risk criteria were significantly increased which led to the deviance in the manufacture of the O-ring which ultimately spelled doom for the spacecraft (Jenkins and Lassiter, 2002). After the incident, however, NASA refrained from performing manned missions for two years and performed developments in the spacecraft designs. However, on February 1, 2003, the spacecraft Columbia met with an accident owing to similar reasons of management and decision-making flaws. Failure of Columbia The Columbia disaster was followed by a similar procedure with the formation of a body for the investigation of the matter. The body was named Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) and performed the investigation that pointed out major flaws in the decision-making a process of NASA. The report published by the CAIB found out that the disaster was caused by a faulty design in the external tank. A bit of the insulating foam severed the tank soon after the dispatch and struck the main edge of the Shuttle's left wing at a speed of 670-922km/h. the report revealed that it was the decision-making process that was again at fault for this disaster (Koestler-Grack, 2004). The normalization of the deviation at the workplace was again seen in the structure of the operational framework of NASA. It was foam debris that created a hole in the shields and as a result, allowed the main body to come in contact with the external friction resulting in the subsequent explosion. There was also a sy stem of a photo analysis after the launching of the probe and the debris was located. However, the managers at NASA considered it as a matter of least concern as it was normal for most of the crafts to possess some amount of debris (Z, 2003). NASA also revealed that the foam strikes had been seen in almost every crafts and it was not a major issue to be taken care of. The revelation by NASA itself proved the lack of an efficient decision-making process at the organization (Kortenkamp, 2008). The incident was, in fact, a recurrence of the managerial decision-making flaws during the failure of Challenger. It was thus the flawed reasoning of the management that cost the lives of the astronauts. It was once again a normalcy of deviation (Zappa, 2011). While the matters of foam strikes should have been taken seriously, it was considered as a residual risk that eventually turned into a major one. The system thus needed a total overhaul that could bring back system and efficiency at the wo rkplace. The CAIB also found out that NASA placed organizational success above the lives of the astronauts in an attempt to reach their goals. The process was thus one where the spacecraft that was being used was an old one and should not have been used. The decision-making process that allowed the program to go forward was thus at fault for letting it pass (Lieurance, 2001). What lessons NASA had or had not learned from the Challenger Disaster changes they had implemented prior to the Columbia Disaster and the appropriateness of those decisions The Challenger incident had lessons both theoretical as well as practical for the decision-making processes at any organization. The greatest lesson that this incident contained was the need for creating a strict framework for the work culture. Deviation in the workplace should be monitored and in no way should it be one which puts human lives at risk (Likins, 2003). The mistake, in this case, was socially organized and systematically produced. The work culture was thus one that needed to be monitored as it contained a lot of loose ends in the structure. The structural secrecy that led to the lack of being able to gain information was also responsible for the disaster. As a result, NASA did, in fact, implement a few new measures to overcome the previous failures. NASA refrained from sending manned missions for the next two years after the challenger incident. NASA also redesigned certain parts of the shuttle in an attempt to make it safe from the earlier problems. The shuttle was put to use only for unmanned missions like the launching of Discovery in 1988 (McDonald and Hansen, 2009). The craft was also used for providing maintenance for the Hubble space telescope and also performed an important function in the manufacture of the international space station. NASA reformed its safety measures after the incidence with the development of an entirely new framework that demarcated the safety measures clearly and created benchmarks which strictly needed to be followed. NASA developed a system that monitored the functioning of the entire craft and the problems associated with it that can cause any problems. The system also created a system that regulated and monitored if the conditions were fit for the launch. However, the changes were not long lasting as a similar incident was seen again in the Columbia disaster. The explosion of Challenger in 1986 should have been a wake-up call for NASA but it was seen that by 2003, the standards that were created after the challen ger incident were not in existence anymore. It was seen that there was the same level of negligence that was seen earlier in the challenger mission (McNeese, 2003). NASA had forgotten from its past mistakes and had let the very regulations that paved the way for its success after the disaster slip away. The regulations were no longer in existence and the procedures did not take into account the various risk factors that were responsible for the earlier disaster. Thus, the decision-making process did learn from its earlier experience and also devised measures to combat any such future occurrences (NASA explores, 2008). However, the organization failed to keep the measures in place owing to the lack of a body that formulated the means for monitoring of the activities of the organization. The presence of such a body would have kept things in place long after the disaster occurred. The Columbia craft encountered similar problems and experienced a similar fate. That could have been easil y avoided had there been a system in place that monitored if the various levels of the organization followed the regulations regarding the various measures that were the norms of the industry (NASA Shakeup, 2002). The problem that lay in the system was that what once caused the fate of the Challenger was now considered as normal by the management and decision-making bodies. Own assessments of strategic decision failure for the two disasters The strategic decision failure was a result of a number of factors at work during the operations of the missions. The missions failed not due to a single decision failure but were, in fact, the result of an existing system that created the situations that led to the final disaster. If we were to say that the challenger mission failed due to a slight mistake of the inspecting team, we would be thoroughly mistaken. This is because; the careless attitude of the people who were in charge of the process was responsible for the overall light inspection(Jones, 2004). The careless attitude was further created by the work culture that was prevalent from the beginning in the organization. Also, it is impossible to locate when a disaster would occur but there needs to be a system that takes into account the possible disasters that could pose a threat in the future. In such a case, NASA failed in even developing a framework that would assess the potential risks. The failure of the Challenger mis sion was due to such a light attitude towards the risks. It is true that space missions do involve a certain amount of risk but not assessing any risk are a way to leap into certain death. The lives of the astronauts lost in the process could have been saved had there been a simple decision-making strategy that accounted for the potential risks. NASA did develop a system for the smooth functioning in the aftermath of the disaster. However, it must be remembered that NASA continued using the craft even after it risked the satellite Discovery that was launched after the Challenger disaster(Monger, 2014). This goes on to prove that the decision-making process was still flawed as it supported the decision to go ahead with the use of the craft even after it caused such a disaster. The attitude of the organization was thus one that did not take into consideration the safety measures and continued using a flawed system. The result of such continued flawed decision-making process was seen i n the Columbia disaster in 2003 that claimed the life of seven astronauts. The tragedy was more into public view as an incident of loss of human life. The Columbia spacecraft was a reusable craft that had previously performed and the possibility of foam debris creating fatal consequences was not taken into account by the management. The officials responded that they did not consider the need for the process of removal of the debris as it was a common matter. The decision making process that allowed the launching of a craft that had such a certain flaw was thus responsible for the loss of human lives. The decision making process was again flawed as they did not learn from the previous mistakes(Moore, 2011). The challenger disaster prompted the development of a system that had the means to counter the various risks that were likely to be seen in the future. However, by 2003, that system although officially present, was not given much more importance. The disaster of Columbia was the r esult of such an attitude. Conclusion and recommendations The Columbia disaster might have been a significant tragedy in the human history. But it cannot be doubted that it was the fault in the decision-making process that led to NASA making more systems that could provide better safety for the future generations of astronauts(Bazerman, 2002). The investigation by the CAIB resulted in the demand for a measure that would individually examine each spacecraft before it was launched. However, NASA completely chose to retire of the programmes that possessed such a high threat. NASA must, at present aim at the development of a system that overlooks the decision making process. There should be strict adherence to the safety measures that are a norm. Government involvement, although present, must involve a deeper level of penetration into the various systems that requires thorough examination. There should be involvement of the government as an external body that monitors the various processes and puts human life ahead of organizational goals in an effort to create a safer atmosphere for the astronauts(Harrison, 1998). The problems in these sectors do not mean that NASA should only consider the recurrence of such events in the future. The decision making body should also take into account the other factors related to the programmes that could provide a possible risk for the future operations. The decision making process should be governed by certain measures that provide the organization with the much needed support about which decisions to take. References Bhatia, R. (2002). Review of Spacecraft Cryogenic Coolers.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 39(3), pp.329-346. Britton, T. (2005).NASA. Edina, Minn.: Abdo Pub. Cole, M. and Cole, M. (2003).The Columbia space shuttle disaster. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers. Elish, D. (2007).NASA. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. Engdahl, S. (2014).The Challenger disaster. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. Guthrie, R. and Shayo, C. (2005).The Columbia disaster. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub. Haerens, M. (2012).NASA. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Jenkins, C. and Lassiter, J. (2002). Introduction: Design of Gossamer Spacecraft.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 39(5), pp.645-645. Koestler-Grack, R. (2004).The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Edina, Minn.: ABDO Daughters. Kortenkamp, S. (2008).NASA. Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press. Lieurance, S. (2001).The space shuttle Challenger disaster in American history. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow. Likins, P. (2003). Attitude Stability Criteria for Dual Spin Spacecraft.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 40(6), pp.946-951. McDonald, A. and Hansen, J. (2009).Truth, lies, and O-rings. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. McNeese, T. (2003).The Challenger disaster. New York: Children's Press. NASA announces new Mars mission. (2013).Phys. Today. NASA explores. (2008).Astronomy Geophysics, 49(4), pp.4.08-4.08. NASA Shakeup. (2002).Science, 295(5552), pp.29b-29. NASA's organizational and management challenges in the wake of the Columbia disaster. (2004). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. Schultz, P. and Eberhardy, C. (2015). Spectral probing of impact-generated vapor in laboratory experiments.Icarus, 248, pp.448-462. Stein, S. (2010).Disaster deferred. New York: Columbia University Press. Z, V. (2003). 2003 JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKET INDEX.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 40(6), pp.1060-1070. Zappa, M. (2011).NASA. Edina, Minn.: ABDO. Zobel, D. (2010).NASA. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media. Bazerman, M. (2002).Judgment in managerial decision making. New York: Wiley. Harrison, E. (1998).The Managerial Decision-Making Process. 5th ed. South-Western College Pub. Jones, T. (2004).Business economics and managerial decision making. Chichester, Eng.: J. Wiley. Monger, R. (2014).Managerial decision making with technology. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Moore, D. (2011).Managerial decision making. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Wang, C. (2010).Managerial decision making and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Consent and its Place in SM Sex Essay Example For Students

Consent and its Place in SM Sex Essay Consent and its Place in SM SexAt first the sting of the whip, and the reddening of her ass felt wonderful, butCarrie knew that the pain would soon become unbearable, despite her statingrefrigerator, her safe word. . . Carries example shows us how important consent is in SM, or rather sado-masochism sex play. The most obvious reason consent is important in SM play isthe risk of injury and the potential for unwanted danger is avoided. In addition,with understood consent, trust is developed, making the experience moreenjoyable to the participants. Reasons for non-consenting play do exist, howeverthese occur only under certain circumstances. When dealing with SM, there is agreater risk of injury and of danger than missionary position sex, simplybecause of the dynamics of it. When an individual is being tied up the way inwhich the ropes are tied, how a person is suspended, and whether or not theperson has revealed confidential information to be used in the scene all aid tocreate a potentially dangerous situation. When in bondage, the struggles andwriggles of your partner desperately trying to escape your teasing might tightena rope of poor quality and/or singularly tied around a wrist, creating majorve ins to stop circulating . The danger might not even seem obvious until it istoo late. It is possible though highly unlikely that one could lose the usage ofones hands. Often in SM sex, extremely intimate information is given to yourpartner, for example a fantasy. If the fantasy involves play that mainstreamAmerican society might not find acceptable, a deeper level of trust would mostlikely be necessary. Many human beings have rape fantasies. Do they want toactually be raped? The answer to me is very clear, absolutely not. The fantasy,is not about the violent act that rape actually is. It is about control, thatcontrol given to another, the feeling that there is no choice. The mostsignificant difference I know of between an SM rape scene and the real thing isthere is trust be it even if it is peoples unknown to each other and a thirdparty has set up the scene. There is a conscious giving of consent. A SM rapescene, must have a great deal of consent. Many men (and some women) seek outp rofessional Mistresses, Masters, submissives, or someone who has revealed awant or need to experience what they themselves enjoy. Someone whom they arepretty much assured that there will not be trust problems, for example arevealing of identities, as in the case of a high profile person. Also the playis generally a place of comfort to experience what they truly enjoy and possiblycan not in their real life. With this type of relationship the trust oftenneeds to comes close to intuition coupled with a little time sharing what eachwill and wont do. Consent to some degree is already given, yet even here itneeds to be established. The real difference is that play is often so removedfrom participants lives that it no longer affects their normal life. They arenot laughed at for wanting to choke on a beautiful womens high heel, whereastheir spouse would not hesitate in calling a mental hospital at the mere mentionof the thought. Disaster can still occur, for a scene cannot be written witha signed approval (it can but the enjoyment that can only be found inspontaneity, would definitely be lost). Yet, this very factor creates thepotential for millions of things to go in a direction unsafe for the people notdirecting the action. In any sexual engagement, my ultimate satisfaction comes from bringing mypartner to a most gratified state. To have him or her look at me with their eyesbegging for more without sound is indescribable. Knowing that they are therefor me; knowing that what I need for the scene to be great is a pushing ofthresholds more than ever thought possible and going there; knowing that whatI need for the session to go well has been taken care of; these are a few of myneeds. Checking that I and anyone involved is in a good place is very importantfor me. This includes an age check. Laws have been established in this countryto protect children from harm for they cannot give consent. Yet there aremany adults who, although they are well into adulthood, are unable to figure outand accept the responsibility of personal consent. If Carrie had a partner whowas aware of her needs and the established safety word she would not dreadanother scene in which she was disrespected. Each a bottom and top holdpowerf ul positions to control what occurs in a given scene. Yet if a top, thedominant one, does not heed the warning from their trusting subject than theymight find themselves without a partner very soon. Safe words are used to addto the scene by having all those involved know that there is complete freedom togo any where until that word is stated. I have even heard of different levelsand meanings representing different things , such as slow down instead of stop. This again allows individuals to explore and expand their area of play. Tounknown proportions, often only in retrospect have I personally thought I couldbe taken there, taken one step beyond which, as I stated is the ultimateexperience. Possibly this is the exact reason so much of SM parties is merelyobserving others technique style and expertises, aside from the purely eroticside of watching others, which brings me to another area. Many people I haveknown involved in the scene find it important to join a leather, SM, gay and /orlesbian club, organization, or group. Possibly it is a need to be surrounded byothers that would not judge as harshly. These clubs and groups are often placesto meet others that you can play with. There are a lot of people that bringsomeone merely curious about the scene. What truly permeates these meetings isthe presence of trust ant the understanding of consent. Without these factors,meetings would deteriorate into rape and torture festivals. Consent, in pl aywith someone as stated, gives privileges. It also encompasses a greater trust,one involving life and death or, at least, a risk of disease. If an individualis using equipment used in a scene that involved blood and sexual aids, such asdildos, medical devises, and an enormous and ever expanding list of other items,there is a tremendous responsibility of those playing to wash clean and/or throwaway items that pose any threat. Because the partners consent stems from trust,there should be an understanding of guidelines involving physical safety. There are some cases when non-consenting SM play could have advantages or couldbe unavoidable. Advantages could occur when one plays with a new player orpossibly with someone they have not been with before. Either each person wouldgive a detailed questionnaire, or, in a more casual setting, one might just betaken by physique and begin with not many words at all. The individual on topthen needs to continually watch for what is O.K , but the excitement is in theexploration. All people involved should know that they have a way to give allor, as I like, do anything to please, yet retain the right to refuse. Whendate-rape came to the publics attention colleges across the country scrambledto figure out codes to establish how far was too far. But in SM play can thishappen? Time shared, spent experiencing every nuance and possibly entertainingextremely limited play are ways of not crossing a boundary. What we would beleft with would be a very sterile boring time. To some people in the SM sce nenew partners and experiences with your partner need to allow for occasionalnon-consenting . Is it possible to establish a SM scene that is acceptable tothose involved? I hope the answer is yes. I know that to achieve this, effortand/or time might help. The greatest enjoyment will be reached if this effort isgiven. Difficulties arise with such a tremendously large amount of nuances to afield in which hardly any time has been given to . We do not know why Joe up thestreet likes to flash young boys, or why Mary has sex once a week with herhusband and does not know how to reach an orgasm except by masturbating, and wedefinitely do not know why Carrie keeps coming back for more, hoping herpartner does start to understand what she needs and wants. What we do know isthat in all these situations consent is an almost mandatory factor. Consent iswhat makes combining whips, needles, electricity, and the human body safe. .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d , .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d .postImageUrl , .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d , .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d:hover , .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d:visited , .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d:active { border:0!important; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d:active , .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d5df620f397327f1769ff7b380c7b9d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Volunteering EssaySocial Issues